2021考研英语阅读常见干扰法：断章取义
“断章取义”
出自《左传·襄公二十八年》：“赋诗断章，余取所求焉。”断:截断;章:音乐一曲为一章。原指只截取《诗经》中的某一篇章的诗句来达自己的意见，而不顾及所有诗篇的原意，或指不顾全篇文章或谈话的内容，孤立地取其中的一段或一句的意思。指引用与原意不符。我们的考研英语二阅读也会采用这样的方式来干扰学生，比如英语一2013年的第一篇文章：
Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Vanity has more often been found in idealists.
B. The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.
C. People are more interested in unaffordable garments.
D. Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.
文中已经说明要根据最后一段来推断，因此我们就看最后一段的内容，具体如下：
(1)Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment including H&M,with its green Conscious Collection line--Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.(2)She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability,be it in food or in energy.(3)Vanity is a constant;people will only start shopping more sustainability when they can’t afford to it.
本段可以翻译为：虽然很多家快速时尚公司已经努力控制它们在劳动力和环境上面的影响–;–;包括H&M都推出了自己的绿色环保自觉行动–;–;Cline相信持续的改变只能由消费者来实现。她文章里所展现的无论是在食物还是在能源上的理想主义都可以在很多支持可持续性的人身上找到。可虚荣心是一直存在的;只有在买不起的情况下，人们在购物时才会开始更加注重持续性。根据选项中的关键词vanity(虚荣)、price(价格)、sustainability(持续性)可以进一步将范围缩小至这一段的最后一句。选项D定价对环保购物来说非常重要，其中pricing是原文中afford的同义替换，environmental-friendly purchasing=shop more sustainability,所以该项是正确答案。选项A中的idealists理想主义者在文中并没有提及，只是She exhibits the idealism的断章取义，是错误选项。选项B快速时尚业忽视了可持续发展的重要性，与文中提到的several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment...相反，一些公司已经努力降低对劳动力和环境的影响，所以他们必然是已经认识到了可持续发展的重要性，才会采取相关措施去降低影响。选项C是对people will only start shopping more sustainability when they can’t afford to it.的误解。文中的意思是：只有衣服是消费者买不起的时候，他们才会注重购买的可持续性。而非选项中表述的人们对买不起的服装更感兴趣。