2021考研英语翻译宝典：正义反译&反义正译

　　正义反译和反义正译要求译者对一些无法直接用汉语的相同结构进行表达的语言结构和表达方式从相反的角度进行转换。英汉两种语言习惯不同，要加强修辞效果，或要更确切地表达原文的含义，翻译时如果用正面表达原文出现困难，那么不妨试着用反面表达，或将原文的反面表达改用正面表达，使译文更流畅。

　　There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.

　　译文：人们对智力这个词所指的不同表现意见比较一致，而对这些表现如何解释或分类则有不同的看法。(more A than B 实质上是对B的否定，因此我们可以把B 部分用否定法译出，正义反译the term根据上下文译为"智力这个词")

　　And the cycle continues.

　　译文：如此循环，永不止息。(正义反译)

　　It cannot be too much emphasized that listening is the most important in learning English.

　　译文：应当特别强调，听力在英语学习中是重要的问题。(反义正译)

　　类似的结构还有：cannot...enoughcannot...morecannot...sufficientcannot sufficientlycannot...overcharged(以及其他由over-构成的复合词)，这些结构可以译为"无论怎么…也不过分"。

　　The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.

　　译文：把标准化测试作为抨击目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。 (divert attention from译成"不考虑"。正义反译)

　　The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.

　　译文：科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并给予准确而严谨解释的表达方式。(nothing but 译成"只不过"，反义正译)

　　The United Nations has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world set on it.

　　译文：迄今为止，联合国辜负了世界人民寄予的希望。(反义正译)

　　I thus appeared to them to be quite familiar with this sort of situation, and it confirmed them in their belief that I was a thoroughly disreputable character.

　　译文：这样一来，在他们眼里，我就像是非常熟悉这一套的了，也使他们更加确信我是一个地地道道的坏蛋。(正义反译)

　　To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.

　　译文：批评智力测试不反映上述情况，犹如批评温度计不能够测风速一样。

　　such failure是正面表达，但是从上下文看，是指An intelligence test does not measure character, social adjustments...，所以译成"不反映上述情况"。

　　Galileo's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.

　　译文：伽利略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以求证实行星是围绕太阳旋转，而不是围绕地球旋转。(rather than是正面表达，但是它含否定意思，应该译成"而不是")

　　如下词语经常用正反、反正译法：

　　动词：fail, miss, lack, live up to, ignore, refuse, withhold, neglect, refrain, deny, overlook, exclude

　　名词：absence, failure, refusal, ignorance, neglect, exclusion

　　形容词：few, little, free from, far from, short of, safe from, thin, worthy of, ignorant...

　　副词：little, less, otherwise, too...to..., vainly

　　连词：more...than, unless, before, until, rather than, or

　　介词：without, about, except, beyond, instead of, in place of, out of