2021考研英语长难句分析(1)
很多同学再备考时，对于翻译中的长难句很头疼，其实只要一步一步地分析清楚句子结构，理解起来并不难。各位考生需要在目前阶段，要打好语法基础，掌握好分析长难句的步骤，无论时对于阅读中的长难句还是翻译中的句子，都会有很大帮助。接下来，以2019年翻译试题为例进行分析。
例1.
There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.
这是2019年英语一翻译题型中的句子，在理解该句子时，其难点在于该句子出现了从句嵌套和状语从句省略的情况。“There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals”是整个句子的主干;which引导定语从句，修饰this kind of nonsense，该从句的主语为which，谓语为generates，宾语为both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms，“when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press”是which引导的定语从句中的时间状语从句，嵌套在which和generates之间，增加了理解的难度。另外该时间状语从句中省略了主语和谓语的一部分，完整版本应为“when this kind of nonsense is taken by broadcasters and the lay press”。大家在长难句中遇到这种从句嵌套的情况，可以将嵌套的从句拿出来单独理解，出现省略情况的话，将其补充完整。整个句子可以这样理解“在医学期刊杂志上，有很多这样的废话。当广播公司和媒体报道这些无稽之谈时，那就会引起健康恐慌和短暂的饮食狂热。”
例2
This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors.
线分析句子结构，This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors.“This would be reasonable”为主句;“if...fact”为条件状语从句;“that...favors”为the fact的同位语从句，说明其内容。接下来再分析一下比较复杂的同位语从句内部“scientists(主语) can easily arrange to cite(谓语) themselves(宾语) in their future publications(状语), or get(并列谓语的一部分，补全的话应为“can easily arrange to get”) associates(宾语) to do so(宾补) for them in return for similar favors(状语).”“if...fact”引导的条件状语从句再翻译时，应该前置翻译，所以该句可以理解为“如果不是因为这样的事实—科学家不能很轻易地在他们未来的出版物中引用自己的论文，或者让同伴为他们这样去做，以换取类似的好处，那么这将会是合理的。”
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