本文讲解考研英语语法之【分词的用法】。语法是英语学习的基础，语法大关不过，阅读、完型、翻译和写作都会有难度，就别提过线和拿高分了。所以说，基础阶段，语法基础要打好。请关注新东方在线2020考研英语语法大全系列文章，我们一起来梳理考研英语所需的基础语法和重点语法：

分词的用法

　　1.作定语。作定语的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前。如果被修饰的词是something，anything，everything，nothing等，则分词放在这些词之后。分词短语通常放在被修饰的名词之后。

　　例如：

　　This is an interesting book。(=This is a book。It is interesting。)这是一本有趣的书。

　　There is something interesting in the news。(=There is something in the news。 It is interesting。)消息中有些有趣的事。

　　The man sitting by the window is our math teacher。(=The man who is sitting by the window is our math teacher。)靠窗户坐着的那个人是我们的数学老师

　　The machine run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。(=The machine that is run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。)那位老工人开的机器是上海造的。

　　Most of students singing were girls。(=Most of the students who were singing…)唱歌的学生多数是女生。

　　Many of the villagers questioned refused to answer。(=Many of the villagers who were questioned…)被问的许多村里人都拒绝。

　　注意：(1)分词作定语与动名词作定语的区别：

　　分词和它所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主、谓关系。动名词则没有这种关系，而表示它所修饰的词的用途或有关动作。

　　现在分词和它所修饰的名词都要重读，动名词所修饰的名词则不必重读。

　　(2)现在分词作定语时，它表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生(或差不多同时发生)。

　　例如：

　　Who is the boy dancing over there?在那儿跳舞的少年是谁呀?

　　The girls swimming in the sea were in danger。 在海里游泳的姑娘们有危险。

　　如果两个动作在时间上有先后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而往往用主从复合句结构。

　　例如：

　　The man who has gone to Shanghai will be back again。到上海去的那个人会回来的。

　　The teacher wants to talk to the students who smashed the windows。老师要找打破了窗子的那个学生谈话。

　　(3)be的现在分词being不能用作定语(可用作状语或被动语态中的助动词)。表示这种概念时，也用主从复合句结构。

　　例如：

　　He has a brother who is a worker。他有一个当工人的兄弟。

　　2、作状语。分词和分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式等意义。表示时间和原因的分词短语相当于对应的状语从句。

　　例如：

　　Seeing the teacher entering the room，the students stood up。(=When the students saw the teacher entering the room，They stood up。)学生们看见老师走进房间，都站了起来。 (时间)

　　Heated，the Metal expands。 (=The metal expands if /when it is heated。)金属受热而膨胀。(条件、时间)

　　Being excited，I couldn’t go to sleep。(=As I was excited ，I couldn’t go to sleep。)我兴奋得睡不着觉。(原因)

　　Being a student，he was interested in sports。(=As he was a student，he was interested in sports。)

　　他是个学生，所以对体育运动感兴趣。(原因)

　　Inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。(=As they were inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。)李华和他的同学们受到杨博士讲话的鼓舞，决定更加努力学习物理。 (原因)

　　The children went away laughing。=The children went away。They laughed as they went。孩子们笑着走开了。(行为方式)

　　The professor stood there，surrounded by many students。(=The professor stood there。He was surrounded by many students。)教授站在那里，许多学生围着他。(行为方式)

　　While reading the newspaper，father nodded from time to time。(=While he was reading the newspaper，father nodded from time to time。)看报时，父亲不时地点头。(时间)(分词前，可加表示时间的连词while或when。)