杭州师范大学2017年考研243二外英语自命题试卷试题
考试科目代码：243
考试科目名称：二外英语
说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。
Part I Reading Comprehension（Skimming and Scanning）(2×10=20 points)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet.
For questions 1 - 7, mark
Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8 - 10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Is Your Life Worth 30 Minutes a Day?
Don’t be afraid of the E word - it could mean your survival. People who aren’t engaging in regular exercise can reap significant health benefits if they accumulate 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity most days of the week.
What can help prevent stroke (中风), heart disease and some cancer? What can lift depression，ease arthritis (关节炎) pain and increase both the length and quality of life - to name just a few of its benefits?
“If packed into a pill,” sums up Dr. Robert Butler, former director of the National Institute on Aging, “it would be the single most widely prescribed (写处方) and beneficial medicine in the nation. “ Best of all, it is free and available to everyone.”
Exercise Can Help People Stay Healthy
Give up? The answer is the E word: exercise. But you don’t have to change into gym shorts or, heaven forbid, sweat for an hour. Instead, the U.S. Surgeon General’s report Physical Activity and Health offers this simple exercise prescription: people who aren’t engaging in regular exercise can reap significant health benefits if they accumulate 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity most days of the week.
Americans Expend Much Less Energy and Time on Exercise
Americans today expend much less energy than did previous generations, perhaps as much as a few hundred calories per day less. All the “advances” that make our lives easier - like e-commerce (电子商务) , and automatic doors - contribute to the current epidemic (流行病) of obesity (肥胖) and related disease.
Experts say that if you expend just ten extra calories a day by being more active, over a year you can lose a pound - mostly fat. And if you burn 150 extra calories a day - the equivalent of a 30-minutes’ walk - in a year that’s ten pounds. (If you also eat 150 calories less - that’s about half a candy bar - you could lose an additional ten pounds.)
The sad fact is that only about 15 percent of American adults engage regularly in vigorous physical activity for at least 20 minutes three times a week. More than 60 percent are not regularly physically active, and 25 percent are totally sedentary (久坐的).
The Benefit of Moderate Exercise
Yet the benefits of moderate exercise are amazing. Consider how exercise helps the following: diabetes (糖尿病). The number of Americans diagnosed with diabetes has increased six fold since 1958, to a record high of ten million presented by www.hongduen.com
Exercise Can Help Patients Suffering from the Following Diseases
Heart Attacks and Stroke. One of the simplest, safest, least expensive and most effective strategies for improving heart health is frequently neglected: exercise. It reduces blood pressure and can help raise the level of “good” cholesterol (胆固醇)， while lowering “bad” cholesterol when combined with dietary changes.
Remember: for every one percent reduction in blood cholesterol, the occurrence of coronary (冠状动脉的) heart disease is reduced by two percent. Moreover, people who exercise one hour per day cut their risk for stroke nearly in half, according to a study of 11,130 Harvard University alumni (男女校友).
Mental Health. When asked why she started swimming during her freshman year at Boston University, world-class endurance swimmer Julie Ridge replied, “It was a mental thing.” Whilesedentary people may assume that working out is about looking good，habitual exercisers like Ridge know that it is largely about feeling good. A growing body of research shows that physical activity does, indeed, exert a “feel good” effect that can work as a powerful treatment for depression.
Arthritis. Many people - including some physicians - still haven’t heard the new message that exercise can help people with arthritis now affecting nearly 43 million Americans. “We’ve come from thinking that physical fitness was impossible for people with arthritis to know that exercise is one of the best ways to manage their disease and minimize their disability,” says Marian Minor, an associate professor of Physical therapy at the University of Missouri, Columbia.
Exercise can reduce pain by keeping joints (关节) flexible and the muscles around the joints strong. A person with arthritis who has other medical conditions or a lot of pain should get a physician’s referral (建议) to a physical therapist who can design an individualized exercise program.
Cancer. Each year over a million Americans learn they have cancer - the second leading cause of death in the Unites States after heart disease. In 1996 the American Cancer Society added regular physical activity to the list of preventive measures it advocates. According to one large study of people at various levels of fitness, the least fit men died from cancer at a rate more than three times higher than that of the most fit men. And, notes Informed Decisions, the American Cancer Society’s guide to the disease, an earlier study found “the least fit women had fully16 times the cancer death rate of the most fit women.”
Scientists still don’t know the precise mechanisms by which exercise appears to exert an “anticancer” effect, but current thinking points to physical activity’s effect on the immune and endocrine (内分泌的) system.
So Choose to Move. Stop viewing exercise as a “workout” and start thinking of it as play - a welcome daily recess (暂歇) that frees your body from the confines of its workaday routines. And if you have any health concerns, you should, of course, consult a physician first.
1. Americans today expend more energy than their forefathers in the past.
2. In a way, some modern conveniences result in people’s obesity and related diseases.
3. Exercise is a free and available way for people to be away from illness.
4. Exercise can help increase blood pressure and lower the level of “good” cholesterol while raising “bad” cholesterol when combined with dietary changes.
5. More and more American adults take part in physical activity regularly.
6. Regular and moderate physical activity has beneficial effect on people’s health.
7. Exercise can help smokers and drinkers get rid of cigarette smoking and drinking.
8. One of the simplest, safest, least expensive and most effective strategies for improving heart health is _______.
9. If a person’s blood cholesterol is reduced one percent, his possibility of suffering from coronaryheart disease will be reduced by _____________.
10. Exercise can help people with arthritis to reduce pain by _______________ and ______________________.
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