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吸烟究竟如何伤害胎儿？伤肝
The impact of cigarette damage to unborn babies has been revealed in a new stem cell study.
在新的干细胞研究中已经揭示了香烟对未出生婴儿究竟会有什么样的影响。
Scientists found that the cocktail of chemicals in cigarettes is particularly harmful to developing liver cells.
科学家发现，香烟中化学物质的混合物对正在发育的肝细胞伤害特别大。
They developed a method of studying the effects of maternal smoking on liver tissue using embryonic stem cells.
他们利于胚胎干细胞，研究孕妇吸烟对肝脏组织的影响。
The team, led by the University of Edinburgh, also discovered the cigarette chemicals affect male and female foetuses differently.
由爱丁堡大学率领的团队也发现，卷烟中的化学物质对男女胎儿的影响各有不同。
During their research they used pluripotent stem cells - cells which have the ability to transform into other cell types - to build foetal liver tissue.
在他们的研究中，他们使用具有转化为其他细胞类型能力的多功能干细胞，来培养胎儿肝组织。
Liver cells were exposed to the harmful chemicals found in cigarettes, including specific substances known to circulate in foetuses when mothers smoke.
肝细胞暴露于存在香烟中的有害化学物质中，包括已知的当母亲吸烟时会在胎儿循环系统中的特定物质。
The study showed that a chemical cocktail - similar to that found in cigarettes - harmed foetal liver health more than individual components.
研究表明，与香烟混合物相似的这种混合物会比个体成分更能损害胎儿肝脏健康。
Lasting harm
持续的伤害
Dr David Hay from the University of Edinburgh’s centre for regenerative medicine, said: "Cigarette smoke is known to have damaging effects on the foetus, yet we lack appropriate tools to study this in a very detailed way.
爱丁堡大学再生医学中心的David Hay博士说：“香烟的烟气已知会对胎儿造成严重影响，但我们缺乏适当的工具来严谨地研究。
"This new approach means that we now have sources of renewable tissue that will enable us to understand the cellular effect of cigarettes on the unborn foetus."
“这种新方法意味着我们现在有可再生组织的来源，这将使我们能够了解香烟对未出生胎儿的细胞产生的具体效应。”
The liver is vital in clearing toxic substances and plays a major role in regulating metabolism.
肝脏对于清除有毒物质至关重要，在代谢调节方面起主要作用。
Smoking cigarettes, which contain around 7,000 chemicals, can damage foetal organs and may do lasting harm.
含有约7000种化学物质的香烟会损害胎儿器官，并可能造成持久的伤害。
The findings of the latest research, which was carried out in collaboration with the Universities of Aberdeen and Glasgow, also highlighted the different effects of cigarette smoke on livers in male and female foetuses.
阿伯丁大学和格拉斯哥大学合作进行的最新研究结果也突显了香烟的烟气对男性和女性胎儿肝脏的不同影响。
Male tissue showed liver scarring and female tissue showed more damage to cell metabolism.
在男性组织中显示肝脏瘢痕化，而在女性组织中发现对细胞代谢的损伤更大。
Prof Paul Fowler, director of the institute of medical sciences at the University of Aberdeen, said: "This work is part of an ongoing project to understand how cigarette smoking by pregnant mothers has harmful effects on the developing foetus.
阿伯丁大学医学院院长Paul Fowler教授说：“这项工作是一个正在进行的项目的一部分，以了解孕妇吸烟对发育中的胎儿的害处究竟是怎样的。”
"These findings shed light on fundamental differences in damage between male and female foetuses."
“这些发现揭示了伤害机理在男性和女性胎儿之间有着根本不同。”
The study is published in the journal Archives of Toxicology.
该研究发表在《毒物学文献》杂志上。
来源:BBC