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That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.
【分析】
这是因果复合句，前半句是原因，后半句结果，so是断句标志。前半句中， that means后面是一个省略that的宾语从句，其中主语是a higher proportion of what is in the sea ，谓语是is being caught 。后半句是一个比较级结构the real difference … is likely to be worse than the one…，注意recorded by changes in catch sizes是一个过去分词结构，修饰the one。
【词汇】
a higher proportion of更高比例的
catch sizes捕获量
【译文】这意味着更高比例的海洋生物正在被捕杀，因此介于现在和过去这一段时间，真正差别可能比捕获量所记录的变化更要糟糕。