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APPLE and Tesla are two of the world’s most talked-about companies.
苹果公司和特斯拉都是人们最爱谈论的公司。
They are also two of the most vertically integrated.
这两个公司的垂直整合程度也名列前茅。
大家肯定不知道什么叫“垂直整合程度”vertically integrated
接下来就要给你解释了:
Apple not only writes much of its own software, but designs its own chips and runs its own shops.
苹果不仅大部分软件是自己写的,芯片也由自己设计,连商店都自己开。
Tesla makes 80% of its electric cars and sells them directly to its customers.
It is also constructing a network of service stations and building the world’s biggest battery factory, in the Nevada desert.
特斯拉80%的电动车都是自己生产,并直接销售给客户。它还在构建一个充电服务站网络,并在内华达沙漠建设世界上最大的电池厂。
知道什么叫vertically integrated了吧!
就是什么活都自己干!
以前是什么样子?
A century ago this sort of vertical integration was the rule: companies integrated “backwards”, by buying sources for raw materials and suppliers, and “forwards”, by buying distributors.
一个世纪以前,这种垂直整合堪称法则:企业“向后”整合,购买原材料来源和供应商;同时“向前”整合,购买分销商。
现在呢?
Today this sort of bundling is rare: for the past 30 years firms have been focusing on their core business and contracting out everything else to specialists.
如今,这种捆绑就很罕见了。过去30年里,各个公司一直专注于自己的核心业务,其他的一切都外包给专门人士处理。