考研英语长难句是让很多考生头疼的一大难题，对于长难句的结构分析、主旨把握及语义提炼想到一步位并不容易，这需要大家熟练掌握语法的同时，平时多练习和总结才行。下面新东方在线就和大家一起通过实例练习及解析来一步步提升长难句的解读能力。
2016考研英语阅读长难句实例分析（95）
1. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testifythat test-taking skill also matters, whether it'sknowing when to guess or what questions to skip.
【分析】多重复合句。主句主干为Anyone…will testifythat...。who引导的定语从句修饰主语Anyone; that引导的从句作testify的宾语，其中的will表示一种“逻辑必然”;whether…or引导让步状语从句。
【译文】参加过SAT考试的人都可以证实,应试技巧也很重要,比如知道何时要进行猜测或哪个题可以略去不看。
【点拨】toil作名词时意为“苦干，辛苦”，作动词时意为“辛苦工作，费力的做”。
2. During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hardwork and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk andnew realities.
【分析】复合句。主句主干为the American middle-class family has been transformed。句首介词短语作时间状语;that引导的定语从句修饰family。
【译文】上一代，经济危机和新的现实状况使曾经靠努力工作和公平竞争来保持收入稳定的美国中产阶级家庭发生了改变。
【点拨】fail play原是体育用词，意为“公平竞赛”，转意指“公正的待遇”或“公平竞争”。
3. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect:family risk has risen as well.
【分析】并列句。but连接两个互为转折关系的分句，两个分句都是简单句;第二个分句冒号后的部分补充说明side effect.
【译文】学者、政策制定者以及形形色色的评论家就这些变化的社会意义展开了讨论,但是却很少有人看到其副作用：家庭风险也提高了。
4. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback — a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick.
【分析】多重复合句。主句主干为they have lost the parachute。they once had…setback 为省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰parachute;破折号后的a back-up earner ( usually Mom)是破折号前 parachute 的同位语, 之后接who引导的定语从句，该从句中包含if引导的条件状语从句。
【译文】结果，他们失去了在财政困难时曾经拥有的救护伞—在家庭的主要经济支柱失业或病倒时出去工作的“候补养家人”(通常是妈妈)。
【点拨】parachute的字面意思是“降落伞”，但在本句中引申为“保护，保护伞”。