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考研英语阅读篇章：红色肉类可能引发乳腺癌
Eating a lot of red meat in early adult life may slightly increase the risk of breast cancer, according to a US study.
美国一项研究发现，刚入成年时吃大量的红色肉类可能稍微增加患乳腺癌的风险。
Harvard researchers say replacing red meat with a combination of beans, peas and lentils(扁豆), poultry(家禽), nuts, and fish may reduce the risk in younger women.
But UK experts urge caution, saying other studies have shown no clear link between red meat and breast cancer.
Past research has shown that eating a lot of red and processed meat probably increases the risk of bowel cancer.
The new data comes from a US study tracking the health of 89,000 women aged 24 to 43.
A team, led by Harvard School of Public Health in Boston, analysed the diets of almost 3,000 women who developed breast cancer.
"Higher red meat intake in early adulthood may be a risk factor for breast cancer," they report in the British Medical Journal.
"And replacing red meat with a combination of legumes, poultry, nuts and fish may reduce the risk of breast cancer."
Dr Maryam Farvid and colleagues described the risk as "small".
Prof Tim Key, an epidemiologist at the University of Oxford, said the US study found "only a weak link" between eating red meat and breast cancer, which was "not strong enough to change the existing evidence that has found no definite link between the two".
"Women can reduce their risk of breast cancer by maintaining a healthy weight, drinking less alcohol and being physically active, and it's not a bad idea to swap some red meat - which is linked to bowel(肠，内部) cancer - for white meat, beans or fish," he added.
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