结构转换着眼于句子成分的相互转换和基本句型的改变。句子成分的相互转换主要在主语与宾语，补语与表语，主语与定语，定语与状语，状语与主语之间进行。
一、句子成分的转换
1.非主语译成主语
Since the invention of the transistor at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in1984, it has found its way into varied applications in the commercial，industrial and military fields.
参考译文:自从1984年贝尔电话研究所发明晶体管以来，晶体管的种种应用已遍及商业、工业和军事各个领域。（状语译成主语）
Television is different from radio in that it sends and receives pictures.
参考译文:电视和无线电的不同点在于电视能收发图像。（表语译成主语）
Matter is usually electrically neutral, that is, it has as many protons, as electrons.
参考译文:物质通常是不带电的，就是说，它的质子和电子数量是相等的。（宾语译成主语）
2.非谓语译成谓语
There is a need for improvement in your study habits.
参考译文:你的学习习惯需要改进。（主语译成谓语）
3.非宾语译成宾语
He is admired by everybody.
参考译文:大家都很钦佩他。（主语译成宾语）
Materials to be used for structural purpose are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental condition.
参考译文:用于结构上的材料必须选择得使它们在周围环境条件下具有弹性。（状语译成宾语）
4.非状语译成状语
He drew a deep breath.
参考译文:他深深地吸了一口气。（定语译成状语）
Pictures show him in the company of men like Churchill，Einstein and Gandhi.
参考译文:在这些照片中我们可以看到他和邱吉尔、爱因斯坦、甘地这些人的交往。（主语译成状语）
二、基本句型的转化
1.简单句转换成复合句
At the slightest improvement in my work they would show warm approval.
参考译文:我工作稍有进步，他们就热情肯定。
2.复合句转换成简单句
This causes the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together.
参考译文:这样就盖起了许多人聚居的高楼大厦。