2023年医学考博英语范文 (3)
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The health burden of cancer is increasing in China, with more than 1.6 million people being diagnosed and 1.2 million people dying of the disease each year. As in most other countries, breast cancer is now the most common cancer in Chinese women; cases in China account for 12.2% of all newly diagnosed breast cancers and 9.6% of all deaths from breast cancer worldwide.
中国现在面对日益增加的癌症健康负担，每年有超过1600万人诊断为癌症，有1200万人死于癌症。如大多数其他国家，目前乳腺癌是中国女性最常见的肿瘤;全球乳腺癌的新发病例中，中国占12.2%，死亡率占9.6%。
乳腺癌防治月，每年十月的第三个星期五即为粉红丝带关爱日。
Breast cancer-1
Etiology and Symptoms
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and the second leading cause of cancer death. The incidence of female breast cancer has been increasing steadily from an incidence of 1:20 to 1:8 women today. Breast cancer is truly an epidemic among women，but it is not exclusively a disease of women. The ratio of developing this disease between women and men is 100:1.
乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤，在癌症导致的死亡中，它列在第二位。当今女性乳腺癌的发病率从1：20上升到1：8，呈稳定上升趋势。乳腺癌确实好发女性，但它却不是女性独有的疾病，此病女性与男性的发病比例为100：1。
Those at highest risk for cancer of the breast are women: (1) who are over 40, unmarried, and childless;(2) who have not nursed an infant; (3) whose first pregnancy occurred after they were 35 years of age; (4) who had early menarcheand over 30 years of menses; (5) who have a positive family history of mothers or sisters with breast cancer, etc.
好发乳腺癌的高危女性人群包括：(1)年龄在40岁以上未婚、未育的妇女;(2)未哺乳的妇女;(3)初次妊娠年龄超过35岁者;(4)初潮年龄较早及月经期超过30年者;(5)家族里有母亲或姐妹患此病者;等等。
A lump in the breast is one of the prime symptoms of breast tumor. Abnormal discharge from the nipple can be observed and should receive prompt medical attention. Other symptoms include dimpling of the breast tissue and inverted breast nipple.
乳房肿块是乳腺肿瘤出现的主要症状之一。当观察到乳头异常分泌物时应立即就医。其它症状包括乳房组织凹陷及乳头内陷。
TO BE CONTINUED ...
New words and phrases
1. Malignancy [ml?gn?nsi] n. 恶性
2. Incidence [ns?d?ns] n. 发生率
3. epidemic [?epdem?k]n. 流行病
4. Menarche [m?'nɑ:ki:] n. 初潮
5. Lump [l?mp] n. 块，团; 肿块
6. Abnormal discharge 异常分泌物
7. Dimpling ['d?mpl] n. 窝(酒窝)
8. inverted breast nipple 乳头内陷
National Breast Cancer Awareness Month is a chance to raise awareness about the importance of early detection of breast cancer. Make a difference! Spread the word about Breast self-examination (BSE) and mammograms and encourage communities, organizations, families, and individuals to get involved. The good news is that most women can survive breast cancer if it’s found and treated early. A mammogram – the screening test for breast cancer – can help find breast cancer early when it’s easier to treat.
十月，国家乳腺癌宣传月是一个让人们了解发现乳腺癌重要性的好时机。让我们来一起做与众不同的事吧!让大家了解乳房自我检查和乳房X光检查，鼓励社区、组织、家庭、个人来参与。好消息是，如果乳腺癌发现并早期治疗，大多数妇女的愈后良好，乳房X光检查-乳腺癌的筛查检测，早期发现乳腺癌，把握最佳治疗期。
乳腺癌-2来自Tina空中微课堂00:0005:16Although measures to prevent breast cancer are not known, mortality from breast cancer can be prevented in many instances through early diagnosis and treatment. When breast cancer is found early, the five-year survival rate is 96%. All women should have a complete medical examination that includes palpation of the breasts at least once a year and monthly breast self-examinations beginning at the age of 20. Baseline mammogram is done by the age of 40, after that every one to two years for women 40-49 and every year for women 50 and older. Keep a lifestyle of a low-fat diet, regular exercise, and no smoking or drinking.
尽管预防乳腺癌的方法不明，很多时候可以通过早期诊断和治疗来防止该病造成的死亡。当乳腺癌被早期发现时，五年存活率达96%。所有女性都应进行全面的身体检查，包括至少一年一次的乳腺触诊及始于20岁的每月一次的乳房自我检查。注意乳房发生的任何变化。自40岁始建立乳腺X线检查基础档案，以后对于40-49岁年龄阶段的女性，每一至二年检查一次，50岁及以上者需每年检查一次。应保持低脂饮食、常规锻炼、禁烟、酒的生活方式。
Women should be taught that the prognosis for cancer of the breast is likely to be much better if the cancer is discovered early and treatment instituted immediately. The choice of treatment for breast cancer has been surgical procedures, but they are not the only modes. Radiation therapy may be employed before or after surgical excision. Another form of adjunctive therapyis the use of antineoplastic drugs; antibiotic derivatives; steroids; hormones,etc. According to the degree of the tumor, different types of surgeries can be performed, such as lumpectomy and axillary dissection, modified radical mastectomy, radical mastectomy and extended radical mastectomy.
当乳腺癌被早期发现并早期治疗时，它的愈后可能会好得多。乳腺癌的治疗首选外科疗法，但它并不是唯一的治疗方法。外科疗法前、后可采用放射疗法。另外的辅助疗法包括使用抗肿瘤药物、抗生素衍化物、类固醇、激素等。根据肿瘤的分级，可采用多种手术方式，如肿块及腋窝淋巴结切除术、改良乳房根除术、乳房根除术及广泛乳房根除术。
New words and phrases
1. Mortality [m?:?t?l?ti] n. 死亡率
2. Palpation [p?l'pen] 触诊，扪诊
3. Mammogram [?m?m?gr?m] n.乳房X线照片
4. Prognosis [pr?g?ns?s] n. [医]预后
5. Radiation therapy [?reidi?ein ?θer?pi] 放射治疗
6. Surgical excision手术切除
7. Adjunctive therapy [d?ktiv ?θer?pi]辅助治疗
8. Antineoplastic drug [nti?ni:pl?stik dr?ɡ] 抗肿瘤药
9. Derivatives [d?'r?v?t?vz] 衍生物
10. Lumpectomy [?l?m?pekt?mi] n. 乳房肿瘤切除术
11. Axillary dissection [?ks?l?r? ds?kn]腋下淋巴切除术
12. Modified radical mastectomy [?m?difaid ?r?dik?l m?s?tekt?mi] 乳房改良根治术
13. Extended radical mastectomy 乳房扩大根治术
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