1. According to Charles Darwin, random changes that enhance a species’ ability to survive are naturally selected and passed on to _______ generations.
A. successive
B. succeeding
C. relative
D. relating
2. The _______ of smoking among women, formerly neglectable, has grown to such a degree that lung cancer has become the chief cause of cancer-related death among women.
A. abundance
B. necessity
C. impudence
D. incidence
【长难句英译汉】
1. All villagers signed a petition asking for building a hospital.
1.B
【句意】根据查尔斯·达尔文的说法，增强物种生存能力的随机变化是自然选择的，且遗传给以后的后代。
【解析】形容词词义辨析。successive“连续的;接连的;相继的”;succeeding“以后的;接着的”;relative“相对的;有关系的”;relating为动词relate“叙述;使……有联系”的现在分词。由关键词“are naturally selected自然选择的”与“pass(其动词过去分词为passed)on传给”的对应知“以后的”符合语境，故B项正确。
2.D
【句意】之前可以忽略不计的女性的吸烟率已发展到如此的程度，以致肺癌已成为女性癌症相关死亡的主要原因。
【解析】名词词义辨析。abundance“充裕，丰富”;necessity“需要;必然性;必需品”;impudence“厚颜无耻;粗鲁”;incidence“发生率;影响范围”。由句中关键词“formerly neglectable之前可以忽略不计的”、“has grown to已发展到”以及词义辨析知“发生率”符合语境，故D项正确。
【长难句英译汉参考答案】
1、【参考译文】所有村民签署了一份要求建一所医院的请愿书。