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PART I: Vocabulary and Grammar
Section A (10 points)
Directions: Choose the answer that best fills in the blank.
1. Even the president is not really the CEO. No one is. Power in a corporation is concentrated and vertically structured. Power in Washington is ______________ and horizontally spread out.
a. prudent b. reversible c. diffuse d. mandatory
2. In describing the Indians of the various sections of the United States at different stages in their history, some of the factors which account for their similarity amid difference can be readily accounted for, others are difficult to _______________.
a. refine b. discern c. embed d. cluster
3. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the club a bigger ______________ and to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.
a. say b. transmission c. decay d. contention
4. It can hardly be denied the proliferation of so-called dirty books and films has, to date, reached almost a saturation point. People do not acknowledge the _______________ fact that children are bound to be exposed to ―dirty words‖ in a myriad of ways other than through the public airwaves.
a. irrefutable b. concrete c. inevitable d. haphazard
5. A condition is an essential term of the contract. If a contract is not performed, it may constitute a substantial breach of contract and allow the other party to _______________ the contract, that is, treat the contract as discharged or terminated.
a. repudiate b. spurn c. decline d. halt
6. Each of us shares with the community in which we live a store of words as well as agreed conventions ______________ these words should be arranged to convey a particular message.
a. as the way by which b. by the way in which c. as to the way in which d. in the way of which
7. Rarely ______________ a technological development _______________ an impact on many aspects of social, economic, and cultural development as greatly as the growth of electronics.
a. has… had b. had…had c. has…has d. have…had
8. If early humans ______________ as much as they did, they probably ______________ to evolve into different species.
a. did not move and intermingle…would continue b. would not move and intermingle…had continued c. had not moved and intermingled…would have continued d. were not to move and intermingle…could have continued
9. It was ______________ the last time around the track ______________ I really kicked it in--passing the gossiping girlfriends, blocking out the whistles of boys who had already completed their run and now were hanging out on the grassy hill, I ran--pushing hard, breathing shallowly, knowing full well that I was going to have to hear about it from my disapproving friends for the next few days.
a. not until…when b. not until…that c. until…when d. until…that
10.One impediment ______________ the general use of a standard in pronunciation is the fact ______________ pronunciation is learnt naturally and unconsciously, while orthography is learnt deliberately and consciously.
a. in…which b. of …in which c. on…that d. to…that
Section B (5 points)
Directions: Choose the word that is the closest in meaning with the underlined word.
11. It is some 15 million Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous shuffle of citizens between India and Pakistan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947.
a. division b. turmoil c. fusion d. consolidation
12. Concerning speculation, philosophy looks upon things from the broadest possible perspective; for criticism, it has the twofold role of questioning and judging everything that pertains either to the foundations or to the superstructure of human thinking.
a. inebriates b. forsakes c. relates d. emaciates
13. Meeting is, in fact, a necessary though not necessarily productive psychological side show. Perhaps it is our civilized way to moderating，if not preventing, change.
a. promoting b. impeding c. tempering d. arresting
14. The truth about alliances and their merit probably lies somewhere between the travel utopia presented by the players and the evil empires portrayed by their critics.
a. collaboration b. worth c. triumph d. defect
15. But Naifeh and Smith reveal a keen intellect, an avid reader and a passionate observer of other artists’ work who progressed from labored figure studies to inspired outbursts of creative energy. Far from an artistic flash in the pan, he pursued his calling with dogged determination against nearly insurmountable odds.
a. insuperable b. unsurpassable c. uncountable d. invaluable