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Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: In each of the following passages, five sentences have been removed from the original text. They are listed from A to F and put below the passage. Choose the most suitable sentence from the list to fill in each of the blanks (numbered 66 to 75 ). For each passage, there is one sentence that does not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on your Machine- scoring ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
In the mid-1990s, three senior female professors at M. I. T. came to suspect that their careers had been hampered by similar patterns of marginalization. 66 After performing the investigation and studying the data, the committee concluded that the marginalization experienced by female scientists at M. I. T. “was often accompanied by differences in salary, space，awards, resources and response to outside offers between men and women faculty, with women receiving less despite professional accomplishments equal to those of their colleagues. ” The dean concurred with the committee’s findings. And yet, as was noted in the committee’s report, his fellow administrators “resisted the notion that there was any problem that arose from gender bias in the treament of the women faculty.
Some argued that it was the masculine culture of M. I. T. that was to blame, and little could be done to change that. ” 67 The committee’s most evocative finding was that the discrimination facing female scientists in the final quarter of 20th century was qualitatively different from the more obvious forms of sexism addressed by civil rights laws and affirmative action, but no less real. Not everyone agrees that what was uncovered at M. I. T. actually qualifies as discrimination. 68 Even if female professors have been shortchanged or shunted aside, their marginalization might be a result of the same sorts of departmental infighting, personality conflicts and “ mistaken impressionsn that cause male faculty members to feel slighted as well. ‘‘Perceptions of discrimination are evidence of nothing but subjective feelings,” Kleinfeld scoffs.
69 In February 2012, the American Institute of Physics published a survey of 15, 000 male and female physicists across 130 countries. 70 “In fact,” the researchers concluded，“ women physicists could be the majority in some hypothetical future yet still find their careers experience problems that stem from often unconscious bias. ”
A. In almost all cultures, female scientists received less financing, lab space, office support and grants for equipment and travel, even after the researchers controlled for differences other than sex.
B. Judith Kleinfeld, a professor emeritus in the psychology department at the University of Alaska, argues that the M. I. T. study isn’t persuasive because the number of faculty members involved is too small and university officials refuse to release the data.
C. But broader studies show that the perception of discrimination is often accompanied by a very real difference in the allotment of resources.
D. Yet women pursuing tenure track must leap hurdles that are hihger than those facing their male competitors, often without realizing any such disparity exists.
E. In other words, women didn’t become scientists because science —and scientists— were male.
F. They took the matter to the dean, who appointed a committee of six senior women and three senior men to investigate their concerns.