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Part III Reading Comprehension (40% )
Section A (30%)
Passage 4
After years of defensiveness, a siege mentality and the stonewalling of any criticism, a quiet revolution is under way in animal research.What has triggered this change of heart? It’s partly down to the economic climate plus fewer new medicines and the removal of much of the threat from animal rights extremism, in the UK at least.
Until recently the only criticism of animal research came from anti vivisection groups who persistently complained about a lack of transparency. Now criticism is coming from researchers too, with the recognition that not all aspects of animal experimentation are as robust as they should be and that something needs to change.
That is why we have published new guidelines aimed at improving the quality of reporting on animal experiments in research papers. These have been met with support, notably from the major funding bodies and many international journals. This is indicative of the new climate in which we operate.
Five years ago the guidelines would have been met with scepticism and accusations of increased bureaucracy from some within the scientific community.The difference is that these guidelines come in the wake of recent studies, which reveal serious shortcomings in animal research. One by my own organization, the UK’S NC3Rs, found that key information was missing from many of the 300 or so publications we analysed that described publicly funded experiments on rodents and monkeys in the UK and the US.
The new guidelines should ensure the science emerging from animal research is maximised and that every animal used counts. Better reporting will allow greater opportunity to evaluate which animal models are useful and which are not. One way of doing this is through the systematic reviews that are the gold standard in clinical studies but rarely undertaken for animal studies due to the lack of information published.
Animal research has been a thorn in the side of researchers for many years. We can’t afford to get this wrong, scientifically, ethically or financially. Failings in reporting animal data properly can be perceived as an attempt to hide something, either about the quality or value of what is being done.When animal research is funded from the public purse a public mandate is essential. There is muchscope for improvement. It is time for scientists ——funders，researchers and editors ― to use the new guidelines to put our house in order.
54.According to the passage, those who had long blamed animal research are.
A.those ignorant of scienceB. government officials
C. some of their colleaguesD. antivivisection groups
55.The passage suggests that the change of heart among animal researchers refers to _.
A.their reconsideration of their research
B.their resistance to their greater enemies
C.their giving in to animal right groups
D.their confession to their Work failures
56.The new guidelines mostly stress that the report on animal research needs to be.
A. directiveB. comprehensive C. affirmativeD. authoritative
57.The UK’s NC3Rs research is mentioned to illustrate that animal research.
A. needs government fundingB. needs publishing guidelines
C. involves some serious problemsD. involves analyses and variations
58.For animal researchers, to put their work under systematic review would be Something.
A. newB. hardG. pleasantD. unthinkable
59.The best title for this passage is.
A.Make the Most of Animal Experiments
B.Improve the Quality of Animal Research
C.Make Every Animal Experiment Count
D.Give Public Support to Animal Research