2020医学博士英语新大纲听力题型有所变动，但做题方法和考点不变!重点练习长对话和短文!新大纲中减少了旧大纲中的短对话题，重点增加了长对话与短文两个部分的数量。其中，长对话部分由以前的1个对话，变成了三个相对较短的5个长对话，题也由原来的5题，增加至15题。听力内容方面：也不再仅限于有关医学方面的对话，而有可能增加通用题材的内容。短文听力方面，由原来的两个短文各5道题，增加至5篇医学科普短文，共15道题目。下面新东方在线考博频道为大家分享医学考博英语听力短文素材：居家/家庭照护。
Home Healthcare 居家/家庭照护
What is home healthcare?
Home healthcare is medical care provided in your home when you are confined there due to illness or injury and need "skilled care," such as dressing changes换药 or physical therapy物理疗法. This care is ordered and supervised监管 by your healthcare provider医务工作者/医生. A plan of care is developed by you, your healthcare provider, and the home care staff. Any changes must be approved by your primary healthcare provider.
What services are offered in the home?
Home healthcare agencies provide the services of healthcare professionals, such as nurses, medical social workers, and therapists (physical, occupational, speech, and respiratory). They also provide home health aides for personal care.
Nurses assess评估 your condition, change dressings and give other treatments, including injections注射/打针. They also monitor medicines and show you how to use equipment.
Medical social workers医疗社工 will make sure that you have the assistance you need or are entitled to. They will also work to make sure your emotional needs are addressed while you are adjusting to being homebound.
Physical and occupational therapists work with you to improve your strength and ability to do everyday tasks, such as bathing and dressing. Therapists can look at your home and suggest easier or safer ways to do things. They may also recommend assistive devices辅助器具 to help you.
Home health aides help you with personal care such as bathing and shaving. They may also do light housekeeping家务活.
Some home care agencies provide other services, such as medical equipmentrental租赁. They may have wheelchairs轮椅, commodes便桶, or other equipment that you can rent.
Some agencies have help available for you to hire that is not covered by your insurance. You may want to hire helpers by the hour or by the day. The kinds of helpers may include nurses, personal care aides, or home health aides.
How do I choose a home care agency?
You have the right to choose the home healthcare agency you want to provide your care. There may be many agencies in your town. A hospital or healthcare provider may give you a list of agencies but cannot tell you which agency to use.
Choose an agency that either provides all of the services you need or works closely with other providers. Interview the nurse that will be involved in your care. Since home care staff come into your home, there needs to be a good fit between you and the staff.
You may have concerns about people you don't know coming into your home. Choose an agency that is accredited官方认可的/经授权的 or Medicare-certified经医保认证的. Accreditation鉴定 means that an impartial公正的 third partyinspected审查 the agency and it met quality standards. All Medicare-certified agencies are reviewed by the state health department and must meet federal and state regulations联邦和州的法规.
Does insurance pay for home care?
Many healthcare insurance plans cover home health services. Each plan is different, so review your policy to see what your plan covers. Insurance will not cover nurses, aides, or therapists whose services are not medically necessary. Insurance does not cover services when they are needed for personal care only.
Medicare pays for home healthcare when these 4 conditions are met:
You require intermittent间断的 (not 24-hour) skilled nursing care, physical therapy, or speech therapy.
You are not able to leave your home.
Your healthcare provider decides that you need home healthcare and sets up a plan for you to receive home care.
The home care agency you are using participates in Medicare.
A prior stay in the hospital is not required to receive home care benefits under Medicare. There is no deductible可减免的(费用) for home care services.
Medicare Part A (or Part B if you do not have Part A) pays for part-time, covered services for as long as they are medically necessary and reasonable. The home healthcare benefit also pays for some medical supplies and 80% of the approved amount for durable medical equipment (DME)耐久的医疗设备. DME includes wheelchairs轮椅, walkers拐杖, hospital beds病床, portable toilets简易厕所 or commodes便桶, and oxygen supplies供氧设备.
For more information on home healthcare agencies in your community社区, contact your hospital discharge出院 planner or social worker or check the Yellow Pages under nursing. For more information on Medicare coverage保险支付范围, call 1-800-MEDICARE.
Disclaimer: This content is reviewed periodically and is subject to change as new health information becomes available. The information provided is intended to be informative and educational and is not a replacement for professional medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional.
HIA File GENL3017.HTM Release 11.0/2008
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