2019考博英语阅读模拟练习题附详细答案解析（五十六）

　　考博英语阅读理解题型想要获得高分平日的练习必不可少，新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整理了100篇考博英语阅读理解模拟练习题，希望考博生们做题时注意时间，认真对待，题后有详细的答案解析。

Peter Löscher, thefirst outsider to become chief executive of Siemens, one of the world's biggestelectrical-engineering firms, spent his first three months at the firmtravelling and listening. Then on October 4th he announced plans to centralisethe conglomerate, reduce its nine divisions to three and downsize its 11-manexecutive board, which would truncate the power of the company'sregional bosses. On the same day Siemens accepted a €201m ($285m) fine imposedby a court in Munichfor bribery by its communications division, forgoing the right toappeal.

Thecoincidence could mark a turning point in attempts to change the firm's cultureand put past scandals behind it. Last November police raided Siemens'soffices, starting a scourge on bribery which so far has cost the companyits chairman, its chief executive, another board member and its chiefcompliance officer, as well as at least €239m in fines and €179m in taxliabilities (the bribes had been deducted). What is more, in thenine months to June 30th alone, the bill for legal expenses and external advicecame to €188m.

Theaffair has cost a great deal of management time too. Debevoise & Plimpton,an American law firm, and forensic auditors from Deloitte are still scouringthe company for evidence of more irregularities. InAmericathe Department of Justicehas two investigations running, and the Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) is also examining claims of corruption. Legalproceedings in America alone could cost Siemens billions of dollars, sayanalysts, although Siemens argues in its most recent quarterly filing with the SEC that its “consolidated financial position should not bematerially affected” by the welter of litigation.

Analystsare confident that Siemens will not only survive but benefit from all theupheaval. “Comparable American companies have gone through this, so have AlstominFranceand ABB inSweden,and they have emerged stronger and better run,” says James Stettler of DresdnerKleinwort, an investment bank.

The threedivisions Mr Löscher has unveiled are energy products (such as power turbinesand transmission equipment), infrastructure (such as factories and trains) andhealth care (such as MRI scanners and other clevermedical kit). That does not necessarily mean Mr Löscher will sell thebusinesses that do not fit, such as Osram, a maker of light bulbs, BSH, a joint venture with Bosch in household appliances, andNokia Siemens Networks, recently formed to build telecom infrastructure.

Thecompany's supervisory board will vet the changes on November 28th. MrLöscher may have most difficulty winning approval for those that will affectworkers inGermany,whose representatives make up half the membership of the 20-strong supervisoryboard. If he gets his way, however, Mr Löscher's next proposal may be toregister Siemens as a Societas Europaea (SE) insteadof as a German joint-stock company (AG). That wouldentail a slimmer supervisory board with reduced representation for Germanworkers, but would give a voice to employees abroad. Other icons of Germanbusiness, most notably Siemens's Munichneighbour, Allianz, a big insurer, have already made the switch. Mr Löscher is chummywith Paul Achleitner, a member of Allianz's board and a fellow Austrian, withwhom he recently stayed for three months.

　　1. The word “forgoing” (Line 7, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____

　　[A] refusing.

　　[B] reserving.

　　[C] withdrawing.

　　[D] considering.

　　2. What Mr Löscher will probably do to the three divisions he has unveiled?

　　[A] He will transfer them to other companies.

　　[B] He will downsize the executive board of the three divisions.

　　[C] He will recombine them into large division.

　　[D] It is not mentioned in the passage.

　　3. Mr Löscher wants to register Siemens as a SE instead of an AG because_____

　　[A] he aims to cut the number of German representatives in the supervisory board.

　　[B] he seeks to centralise the conglomerate.

　　[C] he wants to include multiple voices of the employees so as to enhance the democracy of the decision-making.

　　[D] he strives to transform the company into a more international one.

　　4. Towards the future of Siemens, the author’s attitude can be said to be_____

　　[A] optimistic.

　　[B] pessimistic.

　　[C] neutral.

　　[D] unclear.

　　5. By the close relationship between Mr Löscher and Paul Achleitner, the author wants to imply that_____

　　[A] Siemens will gain great support from Allianz.

　　[B] Mr Löscher made the decision to have a change under the influence of his friend.

　　[C] Mr. Löscher wanted switch Siemens into an insurer in the future.

　　[D] Mr. Löscher greatly valued his friend’s suggestion.

　　文章剖析：

　　这篇文章主要介绍了西门子公司新任首席执行官的一些改革举措。第一段讲述新仁首席执行官的缩编计划和西门子接受罚金情况;第二段讲述西门子的过往案件造成了巨大损失，而目前的改革可能会成为公司发展的转折点;第三段讲述目前公司还是被许多法律案件纠缠;第四段讲述分析家们认为西门子经历这些事件后会更加成功;第五段讲述新任首席执行官对于要精简的部门采取的措施;第六段讲述首席执行官采取各种措施以精简管理委员会。

　　词汇注释:

　　truncate v. 删减、截短 forgo v. 放弃

　　scourge n. 惩罚、灾难 deducte v. 扣除

　　forensic adj. 法院的 welter n. 起伏，翻滚

　　vet v. 审查 chummy adj. 关系亲密的

　　难句突破：

　　(1) Last November police raided Siemens's offices, starting a scourge on bribery which so far has cost the company its chairman, its chief executive, another board member and its chief compliance officer, as well as at least €239m in fines and €179m in tax liabilities (the bribes had been deducted).

　　[主体句式] Last November polic raided Siemens’ officers.

　　[结构分析] 这是一个复合句，starting…是句子的伴随状语;在伴随状语中，which引导的定语从句用来修饰前面的scourge。

　　[句子译文] 去年11月，警察突然搜查西门子办公室，开始了一场关于行贿受贿审查的灾祸，导致该公司的主席、首席执行官、董事会另一个成员和其首席税务官都被罢免，罚金最少有两亿三千九百万欧元，还有一亿七千九百万欧元的税收债务(贿赂金已经扣除)。

　　(2) Legal proceedings in America alone could cost Siemens billions of dollars, say analysts, although Siemens argues in its most recent quarterly filing with the SEC that its “consolidated financial position should not be materially affected” by the welter of litigation.

　　[主体句式] Legal proceedings could cost …, say analysts, although…

　　[结构分析] 这是一个复合句，宾语从句被say analysts分割为两个部分;宾语从句个并列句，后面的分句中，that…引导的是宾语从句，in its most recent quarterly filing with the SEC是状语。

　　[句子译文] 分析家称仅美国法律诉讼就要耗费西门子几百万美元，虽然最近与安全与交流委员会进行的季度档案整理中西门子认为其“巩固的金融地位不应当因为不断的诉讼受到实质性影响”。

　　题目分析：

　　1. The word “forgoing” (Line 7, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____“forgoing”(第一段第七行)最有可能的意思为_____

　　[A] refusing.[A] 拒绝。

　　[B] reserving.[B] 保留。

　　[C] withdrawing.[C] 撤销。

　　[D] considering.[D] 考虑。

　　[答案]C

　　[难度系数] ☆☆☆

　　[分析] 猜词题。根据上下文，西门子已经接受了罚金，而从文章其余部分来看它也比较积极地处理了这些法律纠纷。因此，最有可能的就是它放弃了申诉的权利。答案为C选项。

　　2. What Mr Löscher will probably do to the three divisions he has unveiled?2.Löscher先生对于自己公布的三家公司将会采取什么措施?

　　[A] He will transfer them to other companies.[A] 他将转让给其他公司。

　　[B] He will downsize the executive board of the three divisions.[B] 他将缩小三家公司的执行董事会。

　　[C] He will recombine them into large division.[C] 他将会把它们合并为更大的公司。

　　[D] It is not mentioned in the passage. [D] 文章没有提及。

　　[答案]D

　　[难度系数] ☆☆☆

　　[分析] 细节题。关于对三家公司的处置，在第五段中提到并不一定会出售那些不适合的企业，但是根据第一段这三家公司肯定是要裁减掉的，但是具体以哪种方式文章并未提及，因此答案为D选项。

　　3. Mr Löscher wants to register Siemens as a SE instead of an AG because_____3.Löscher先生想要把西门子公司注册为SE而不是德国合资公司是因为_____

　　[A] he aims to cut the number of German representatives in the supervisory board.[A] 他的目的在于减少德国籍代表在监管会中的席位。

　　[B] he seeks to centralise the conglomerate.[B] 他希望将西门子中央集权化。

　　[C] he wants to include multiple voices of the employees so as to enhance the democracy of the decision-making.[C] 他希望能够听到雇员不同的声音，以便于加强决策的民主。

　　[D] he strives to transform the company into a more international one.[D] 他想努力把公司变得更加国际化。

　　[答案]B

　　[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆

　　[分析] 推理题。最后一段提到，他想将公司性质改变，这样就需要更为精简的监督管理委员会，德国工人的代表减少了，这与第一段他提到的权力集中化是一致的。因此，其目的还是要将西门子中央集权化，因此B选项是正确答案。选项A只是他的一个做法，但不是最终目的。选项C和D只是中央集权化过程中的一些步骤，并不是终极目的，因此也都不是正确选项。

　　4. Towards the future of Siemens, the author’s attitude can be said to be_____4. 对于西门子的未来，作者的态度可以说是_____

　　[A] optimistic.[A] 乐观的。

　　[B] pessimistic.[B] 悲观的。

　　[C] neutral. [C] 中立的。

　　[D] unclear.[D] 不清楚的。

　　[答案] C

　　[难度系数] ☆

　　[分析] 态度题。从全文来看，作者比较客观地描述了目前西门子的状况，但对于未来并没有具体的态度表述，因此，答案为C选项。

　　5. By the close relationship between Mr Löscher and Paul Achleitner, the author wants to imply that_____5. 作者提到Löscher先生和Paul Achleitner关系密切是为了说明_____

　　[A] Siemens will gain great support from Allianz.[A] 西门子将从Allianz获得很大的支持。

　　[B] Mr Löscher made the decision to have a change under the influence of his friend.[B]Löscher先生是受到朋友的影响才做了决定的。

　　[C] Mr. Löscher wanted switch Siemens into an insurer in the future.[C]Löscher先生想在未来把西门子转变为一个保险公司

　　[D] Mr. Löscher greatly valued his friend’s suggestion.[D] Löscher先生非常重视朋友的建议。

　　[答案] B

　　[难度系数] ☆☆☆

　　[分析]推理题。文章最后提到了Allianz已经采取了这样的改革，而Löscher和该公司管理委员会成员关系好，而且最近一直在一起，那么可以推断Löscher做出的一些改革决定可能就是受到他的影响。因此，B选项最为符合题意。

　　参考译文：

　　Peter Löscher是世界上最大的电器公司西门子的首席执行官中的第一位行外人，他上任的前三个月就是在公司内巡视、倾听。10月4日，他宣布计划集中控制公司，将九个公司缩减为三个，并缩小11人的执行委员会，这也将减少公司在各地经理的权利。同一天，西门子接受了慕尼黑一法庭的两亿一百万欧元(折合两千八百五十万美元)的罚金，原因是其通信公司行贿受贿，目前西门子已经放弃了上诉的权利。

　　这种巧合标志着公司改变企业文化和抛弃过往丑闻的转折点。去年11月，警察突然搜查西门子办公室，开始了一场关于行贿受贿审查的灾祸，导致该公司的主席、首席执行官、董事会另一个成员和其首席税务官都被罢免，罚金最少有两亿三千九百万欧元，还有一亿七千九百万欧元的税收债务(贿赂金已经扣除)。除此之外，截至6月30日的九个月内，法律费用和行外通知的账单已经达到一亿八千八百万欧元。

　　该事件也耗费了大量的管理时间。一家美国法律公司Debevoise & Plimpton和来自Deloitte的法院审计员还在继续审查公司，试图找出更多不规范的证据。在美国，司法部进行两项调查，安全与交流委员会也在调查腐败事由。分析家称仅美国法律诉讼就要耗费西门子几百万美元，虽然最近与安全与交流委员会进行的季度档案整理中西门子认为其“巩固的金融地位不应当因为不断的诉讼受到实质性影响”。

　　分析家断言西门子不仅会安然度过困境，而且还会从这次剧变中受益。“美国与之相似的公司已经经历过这些了，同样法国的Alstom和瑞典的ABB也都经历过，之后它们都更为强大，运营更加成功。”投资银行Dresdner Kleinwort的James Stettler这样说。

　　Löscher先生公布的缩减后的三家公司是能源产品公司(如电力涡轮和传导设备)、基础设施公司(如工厂和或火车)以及卫生保健公司(如MRI扫描仪和其他智能医疗用具)。但这并不代表Löscher先生会将不适合的企业卖掉，如灯泡制造商Osram, 和博施合资的家用电器公司BSH、诺基亚西门子网络(最近为建立电信系统而成立的)等。

　　公司的监督管理委员会将于11月28日审查这些变革计划。Löscher最大的困难在于赢得那些将影响德国工人的变革措施的批准，这些工人的代表占到20个监督管理会成员的一半。但是如果解决了这个问题，Löscher先生的下一个议题可能就是将西门子注册为Societas Europaea，而不是德国合资公司。这就需要更为精简的监督管理委员会，减少德国工人的代表，却给海外员工发言更多的机会。德国企业的其他代表，最为有名的就是西门子在慕尼黑的邻居大保险公司Allianz，已经开始在进行这些改变。Löscher和Allianz 管理委员会成员Paul Achleitner关系甚好，此人为奥地利人，Löscher与他最近一起呆了三个月。