2018医学考博英语常见专业词汇：影像X射线类
一、肺 Lung
清晰 clear
肺门阴影增大 enlargement of hilar shadows
肺纹理增粗 increase of lung markings
钙化灶 calcified
空洞 cavitation
球形病灶 circular lesion (coin lesion)
小块阴影区 a minimal area of density
散状的点(片)状阴影 scattered spot (plaque-like) shadows
边界不清的片状阴影 a poorly defined patchy density
圆形致密影 a round density
胸膜增厚 pleural thickening
肋膈角模糊(变钝、消失)haziness (blunting, obliteration) of the costophrenic angle
横膈抬高、活动受限 elevation of diaphragm with limitation of movement
包裹性胸腔积液 encapsulated pleural effusion
液气胸 hydropneumothorax
纵膈移位 mediastinal displacement
肺门模糊 hilar haze
肺门密度增高 increase of pulmonary hilar density
肺淤血(栓塞) pulmonary venous stasis (infarction)
阴影性状 shadow
淡的 haziness
云雾状 clouding
线装 streaky
絮状 patcky
结节状 nodular
块状 massive
粟粒状 miliary
融合状 confluent
均匀的 homogeneous
二、心脏 Heart
左(右)房(室)增大 left (right) atrial (ventricular) enlargement
主动脉屈曲延长 a tortuous and prolonged aorta
主动脉型(二尖瓣型)心脏 “aortic type”(“mitral valve”) heart
肺动脉段突出 bulging pulmonary artery segment
肺动脉扩张 a dilatation of the pulmonary artery
心影普遍增大 general enlargement of the heart shadow
左(右)心室增大 left(right) ventricular enlargement
左(右)心房增大 left(right) atrial dilatation
靴形心脏 boot-shaped heart
主动脉钙化 calcification of aorta
心腰部 waist of heart
垂位(狭长形;无力形;横位;斜位)心 vertical (slender; asthenic; horizontal; oblique) heart
三、腹部平片 KUB film
结石 calculus
钙化影 calcified shadow
阶梯型液平 fluid levels with stepladder pattern
液气平面 gas-fluid level
膈下游离气体 subphrenic free air
四、胃肠道钡剂检查 barium enema examination
胃肠造影 gastroenterography
双重对比造影 double contrast radiography
食管蠕动征 esophageal peristalsis sign
十二指肠曲(压迹)duodenal flexure(impression)
小肠黏膜皱襞影 mucosal fold shadow of small intestine
结肠蠕动与排空征 peristalsis and empting signs of colon
胃排空时间延长 delayed gastric emptying time
胃空腹潴留液 fasting retention of stomach
充盈缺损 filling defect
黏膜皱襞消失 disappearance of the mucosal folds
张力减低(增高)hypotonicity (hypertonicity)
球部激惹现象 irritable cap
蠕动增强 vigorous peristaltic activity (hyperperistalsis)
蠕动减弱 bradydiastalsis
蠕动消失 aperistalsis
排空加快(减缓) accelerated(reduced) evacuation
跳跃现象 skipping phenomenon
黏膜增宽和迂曲 broadened and tortuous mucosal fold
黏膜皱襞平坦 flat mucosal fold
五、胆道 bile tract
口服胆囊造影 oral cholecystography
静脉胆管胆囊造影 intravenous cholecysto-cholangiography
经T形管胆囊造影 trans-T-tube cholecystography
经皮肝穿刺胆管造影 percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)
胆总管扩张dilated common duct
胆囊浓缩功能良好 gallbladder concentrated satisfactorily
胆囊显影不好，浓缩功能差 gallbladder with faint shadow, concentrated inadequately
收缩功能 contractibility
六、骨骼skeleton
骨皮质增厚 cortical thickening of bone
洋葱皮样改变 “onion skin” appearance
骨膜反应 periosteal reaction
骨质疏松 osteoporosis (rarefaction)
骨化 ossification
畸形 deformity
缩短 shortening
移位 displacement
脱位 luxation
半脱位 subluxation
连接不正 malunion
青枝骨折 greenstick fracture
多发性骨折 multiple fracture
病理性骨折 pathological fracture
关节间隙 joint space
椎间隙 intervertebral space
肋软骨钙化影 calcification shadow of costal cartilage
骨质软化osteomalacia (osteomalacosis)
骨质增生硬化 hyperostosis osteosclerosis
死骨 sequestrum
骨质坏死 bone necrosis
关节肿胀(破坏;退行)swelling (destruction; degeneration) of joint
关节强直 ankyloses
骨骺分离 epiphyseal separation
对线良好 good alignment
对位良好 good apposition
七、泌尿系统 urological system
静脉肾盂造影 intravenous pyelography (IVP)
逆行肾盂造影 retrograde pyelography
萎缩 atrophy
移位 deformity
扭曲 distortion
充盈缺损 filling defect
狭窄 stricture
不透光的(透光的)结石 opaque(translucent) stone
八、X线检查位置
前后位 anteroposterior projection
后前位 postero-anterior(PA) projection
侧位 lateral projection
立位 upright position
斜位 oblique projection
右(左)前斜位 right(left) anterior oblique(RAO/LAO) projection
前后斜位 anteroposterior oblique projection
前凸位 lordotic position projection
轴位 axial position
头位 cranial projection
尾位 caudal projection