2018医学考博英语听力题材语料预测：有心的沉默
新东方在线考博频道整理了2018医学考博英语听力题材语料预测，希望对大家复习有所帮助。
Attentive silence is a critical component of effective healthcare communication
有心的沉默是医疗保健人员有效交流的重要组成部分
Health professionals sometimes don't know when to back off with talk and just quietly listen to patient's concerns and distress.
医疗保健职业人员有时不知道在何时退出谈话，只是倾听病人的关心和痛苦。
From my personal observations of Chinese nurses working in Australia - who generally tend to be a little quieter than their Western colleagues - by and large this is not much of a problem area for them. What I have noticed on occasion is that some Chinese Nurses, because of their lack of confidence in speaking English, can sometimes speak too fast and over their patient's speech; ostensibly in order to avoid deeper communication they fear they mightn't understand. Regardless of the quality of your own communication style in this regard, it is vital that you clearly understand the importance that silence and listening play in WNES healthcare communication.
根据我个人对在澳大利亚工作的中国护士的观察，总的来说她们比西方的同事更趋于安静。这并不是她们的问题所在，我注意到的问题是，有些中国护士，因为她们在英语口语表达上缺乏信心，有时说得太快，甚至打断病人!虽然这通常源于她们怕自己英文不够好，但却由此避免了同病人的更进一步的交流。无论你在这方面的能力如何，你要理解沉默和倾听的重要性!这在讲英语的西方医疗保健交流中是很关键的。
Being silent and listening, not only gives the person a chance to speak, which in itself conveys a form of respect, but also enables them to collect their own thoughts and feelings about the issue at hand. Attentive silence is not just about the nurse switching off mentally and appearing to listen to the patient, and in reality be thinking about what she will be consuming for dinner, but is where she will concentrate on exactly whatever the patient is saying or doing in the present moment. Patients can generally tell the difference between a real listener and a pretend listener; after all, as was said in Guideline 10, non verbal communication can account for up to ninety percent of communication conveyed and someone who isn't really listening sends out plenty of non attentive cues.
沉默和倾听不但给别人表达的机会，它们也是表示尊重的一种方式，而且也使听者能够整理自己对当前话题的看法和感想。有意的沉默不是停止思考，看上去仿佛在听病人说话实际上却在想晚餐吃什么，而是完全地集中在病人现在的谈话或正在做的事情上。病人一般来说可以区别真正的和表面上的倾听者;正如在指导原则10中所提到的，毕竟非语言性的交流可以占到交流的百分之九十，一个没有真正倾听的人会表达出许多不留意的暗示的。
The trick, as an attentive health professional,is to know whether to talk more or less in any given situation. When patients are sharing fairly intense emotions or talking about something that is a sensitive or difficult issue for them, the nurse shouldn't need to say too much if the patient is already freely flowing with their output of communication. Indeed, sending interested and accepting body language cues might be adequate enough encouragement. If the patient has difficulties in speaking their feelings then, in addition to using appropriate body language, the nurse might need to speak more using the communication skills which are covered in Guidelines 12 & 13.
作为一个医疗保健人员，在任何环境下都应该知道多说或少说。当病人在倾诉非常强烈的情感，谈论一些对于他们来说很敏感或很困难的事情时，如果病人已经是自由地表达了，护士不需要说太多的话。实际上，一些表示感兴趣并接受的肢体语言的暗示就足以表达鼓励了。当病人难以表达感情的时候，除了合适地应用肢体语言，可能需要护士应用在指导原则12和1 3里所涉及的交流技巧来说更多的话。
The therapeutic use of silence is most obviously relevant in a counselling context. Nevertheless, even when a nurse is in a patient education mode of communication and needs to do relatively more talking than listening, leaving some periods of silence in between exchanges is also an important means of giving patients an opportunity to digest information and ask questions.
治疗性沉默是与心理咨询相关的最显著方面。然而，当护士在向病人做健康教育时，就需要相对而言说得更多，在交流过程中应有几段沉默的时间，以使病人有机会来消化信息和提出问题。