2018考博英语阅读理解：需掌握的50个重要词汇

　　1. authority 权威，当局

　　Mexican authorities noticed a large number of hospitalizations and deaths among healthy adults.

　　墨西哥当局注意到，在成年人中有大量人住院。

　　One authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control.

　　一位权威人士说道，这些极其强大的精神事件不但可以约束，还可以有意识地进行控制。

　　2. equivalent 等价物

　　The digital credential would be a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech equivalent of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card.

　　该数字证书可以成为一个"自愿受信身份"系统，从而成为物理密钥、指纹以及身份证的高科技等价物。

　　3. alternative 替代物

　　They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.

　　他们更愿意握紧自己的钱包，把在家吃饭作为一种现实的替代。

　　4. substitute 代替物

　　Devoted concertgoers reply that recordings are no substitute for live  performance.

　　忠诚的音乐会爱好者回答道，唱片并不能`1代替现场表演。

　　5. community 具有共性的人 (社区，…届)

　　The approach would create a "walled garden" in cyberspace, with safe "neighborhoods" and bright "streetlights" to establish a sense of a trusted community.

　　该方法能够在网络空间建一个"有墙的花园"，具有安全的"邻里关系"以及明亮的"街灯"，从而创造出一种安全社区的意识。

　　6. transaction 交易

　　The individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with confidence.

　　个人和组织能够充满信任地完全在线交易。

　　7. mentality 心态

　　It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would eventually be a compulsory of Internet "driver's license" mentality.

　　该计划看来明显是一个最初的推断，最终将形成一种英特网强制性"驾驶执照"的心态。

　　8. skepticism 怀疑

　　The plan has also been greeted with skepticism by some computer security experts.

　　该方案也遭到了电脑安全专家的怀疑。

　　History and news become confused, and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism.

　　历史和新闻变得令人困惑，人们开始产生一种怀疑与乐观相混合的印象。

　　9. executive 高级管理者

　　But Edward Dolman, the chief executive, says: "I'm pretty confident we're at the bottom."

　　但是首席执行官爱德华·多尔曼说道："我完全相信现在已经是在底部了。"

　　10. irony 讽刺

　　This episode crystallizes the irony that, although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they rarely talk at home.

　　该情节体现出一种讽刺，那就是，籍贯美国男性在公共场合比女性说话多，但在家里，他们很少说话。

　　11. preference 偏爱

　　The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for  eating out.

　　首先并且最重要的是消费者不断增长的对外出就餐的偏爱。

　　12. predominance 优势

　　Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful.

　　不可避免的事，这种从优势地位退下来的感觉是痛苦的。