中共中央党校2018年博士研究生招生英语题型调整说明

　　I. 词汇与语法部分10题10分

　　词汇与语法部分总词数500词左右;

　　II. 阅读部分25题 50分

　　1. 多项选择题的阅读段落2段，10题，1000词左右;

　　2. 段落/句子排序阅读段落 1段，5题， 1000词左右;

　　3. 阅读回答问题1段，10题， 1000词左右;

　　III 翻译部分20分

　　翻译划线部分400词1000词左右;

　　IV.写作部分20分

　　一篇250词的议论文

　　所有英文材料取自真实出版物(书籍、期刊和报纸，兼顾党校学科的平衡)

　　英语试题模版

　　I. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points)

　　Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

　　1. The United States and Russia have reached an agreement that calls for Syria’s _________of chemical weapons to be removed or destroyed by the middle of 2014, Secretary of State John Kerry said on Saturday.

　　A. artillery B. armor

　　C. arsenal D. army

　　II. Reading Comprehension (50 points)

　　Section A ( 20points)

　　Directions: There are two passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.

　　Passage 1

　　From the earliest decades of colonization to the 20th century, Americans have celebrated and largely taken for granted the seemingly endless bounty of their land. Not until the early twentieth century did a significant conservation movement develop before the prodding of professional resource managers like the forester Gifford Pinchot, and politicians like Theodore Roosevelt. The movement was a response to an evident dwindling of known mineral resources, the decimation of virgin forests, and a decline in the fish and game available to sportsmen. It was also an integral expression of the political movement known as progressivism, which stressed, among other things, the use of government power, guided by scientific knowledge and democratic principles, to solve national, social, and economic problems. The progressive conservationists pushed into existence a substantial body of legislation at state and national levels that aimed at the rational management of resources. For the most part, however, these laws had more form than substance, and in practice the exploitation of nature continued largely unchecked.

　　By the 1920’s progressivism had faded away, but its enthusiasm for scientific management and research remained active in the business community. Both the commitment to resource management research by industry and the allocation of funds to seek out untapped resources grew rapidly. Science and technology linked up more closely than before to devise means for their exploitation.

　　The amalgam of science, technology, and business interests not only fostered the continued growth of older industries, but also spawned new industries that fostered economic expansion at great environmental cost. The development of electric power raised manufacturing productivity and the material standard of living, but also polluted the air through the combustion of fossil fuels in huge amounts. The spread of automotive transportation entailed mobility and productivity, but exacted the price of long-term environmental costs, voracious energy consumption, and expropriation of land for railways. The multifaceted petrochemical industry listed among its benefits better agricultural productivity from the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, but contributed heavily to air, water, and soil pollution. The aviation industry promoted mobility and cohesion within the nation and helped to end American isolation from the rest of the world, but promoted a new dimension of air and noise pollution, energy demands, and pressure on scarce land in urban areas for airports.