2017考博英语阅读题源经济学人文章每日精析（三十七）

　　考博英语阅读大部分博士研究生招生院校都使用《经济学人》杂志文章作为题源，新东方在线考博频道为考博生们将其中的文章进行深度分析，希望能提高大家的考博英语阅读水平，读懂长难句。

   导读

　　疟疾在我国古代称为瘴气，国外称malaria，为意大利文mala(不良)与aria(空气)二字合成。本病是由雌按蚊叮咬人体，将其体内寄生的疟原虫传入人体而引起的。疟疾是以周期性冷热发作为最主要特征，脾肿大、贫血以及脑、肝、肾、心、肠、胃等受损引起的各种综合征。

　　Malaria

　　疟疾

　　The biter bit

　　以其人之道还治其人之身(咬人者反被咬)

　　A new drug dispenser may turn human beings into chemical weapons

　　一种将人体转变为化学武器的新型药物分配方式

　　Nov 19th 2016 | From the print edition

　　2016年11月19日|摘自印刷版

　　KILLING mosquitoes of the genusAnopheles, the sort that transmit malaria, is a serious business—so serious that some doctors would like to do it by using people as bait. Their idea is to dose those in malarious areas with a drug called ivermectin. This will not protect the dosees directly, for it does not act on the parasite that causes the disease. But it may protect them indirectly, by making their blood poisonous toAnopheles. Mosquitoes do not tend to fly far from the place they hatch, and experiments suggest that if most of a village’s inhabitants were to take ivermectin they could collectively do serious damage to the localAnophelespopulation. That would substantially reduce the number of cases of malaria in an area.

　　消灭带有疟蚊(传播疟疾的蚊子)基因的蚊子是一项很重要的事情。一些医生他想用人作诱饵。他们的方法是让疟疾流行区的人们服用一种名为伊维菌素的药物。此药物不是用在导致疾病的寄生虫身上。所以并不能直接保护服药者。但它能使服药者的血液对疟蚊产生毒性从而间接地起到保护作用。蚊群往往不会飞到距繁殖地较远的地方。实验表明，如果一个村庄的大多数居民都服用了伊维菌素就可以使当地疟蚊数量锐减。这将大幅度减少疟疾地区的患者数量。

　　Anopheles：n.疟蚊

　　ivermectin：n.伊维菌素

　　substantially：adv.大量地

　　Whether this is ethical is debated. Ivermectin is used routinely to treat filariasis, river blindness,scabies and several other diseases. But drugging healthy people is generally frowned on. At the moment, though, there is a more practical objection. Ivermectin does not hang around in the body long enough to make a concerted anti-mosquito campaign that relies on it look like a realistic proposition. And it is this that Robert Langer of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Giovanni Traverso at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, in Boston, hope to change. As they report inScience Translational Medicine, they think they have devised a means to keep ivermectin concentrations in the blood at mosquito-killing levels for far longer than has previously been possible.

　　此举是否符合道德伦理仍未有定论。伊维菌素通常用于治疗丝虫病、盘尾丝虫病、疥疮等疾病，但一般不赞成用在健康人身上。使此前提议设想有现实意义的关键，现在遇到了一个更现实的问题，那就是伊维菌素在体内的存留时间不够长，无法使全身血液都对蚊子有毒。麻省理工学院的Robert Langer和波士顿布里格姆妇女医院的Giovanni Traverso希望改变这一情况。正如他们在《科学转化医学》期刊上发表的论文中所写的那样，他们认为已经找到了一种能使血液中伊维菌素浓度维持在灭蚊浓度，并更加持久的方法。