2010年考博英语语法重点(二)
倒装
全部倒装
1. “There (Here) +be+主语”
There stand big buildings in this district.
Here on the desk lies a pile of books.
2. 单个副词(in, out, now, up, down, away, off, then)位于句首(短语动词不可拆，如it blew up.)
In came the boss. / Ahead sat an old man.
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首
In the middle of the room stood the naughty boy.
4. 表语位于句首
Especially remarkable was his flat nose.
Not far from here is a famous university.
5. so,nor, neither, no more 位于句首,代表前文
She wasn’t angry, and neither was I.
Peter doesn’t like pop music. No more does his brother.
6. 分词短语位于句首(分词+be +主语)
Gone forever were the days that we depended on foreign oil.
部分倒装
1. 疑问句
2. 否定副词(seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, little, never, few, not
until, not only) 位于句首(作形容词时例外)
Never did John speak rudely to his parents.
3. “only+状语”位于句首
Only when he comes back can be leave.
4. “hardly…when”, “scarcely…when”, “no sooner…than”, “not only…
(but also)” 位于句首
No sooner had he got into the classroom than the class began.
5. not,no组成的词组位于句首(in no way, under no circumstances, on no
account…)
By no means should you break the rules.
At no time should we give in to difficulties.
6. 虚拟倒装(had, were, should放到句首)
7. “形容词/名词/动词+as/though(尽管,虽然)+be动词”
Small though the room is, it can hold more than twenty people.
Search as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
真题剖析
(2000) Faster than ever before, the human world is becoming an urban
world. By the millions they come, the ambitious and the down-trodden of
the world drawn by the strange magnetism of urban 46 .
46. A. way B. life C. area D. people
限定词的用法
1. Both, each, either, neither (只指两个)
2. All, every, each, some, any, no (指两个以上)
3. Some, any, more, (the) most, all, a lot, lots, enough, none (复数可数或
不可数)
4. Much, (a) little, a good/great deal, less, (the) least (不可数)
eg. “Got any money?” “None at all.”
eg. “Does either side of this street get more sun that the other?” “No,
neither side is sunnier than the other.”
从句为考察重点
(1999) …The answers given by 200 women to those intimate open-ended
questions made me realize that 51 was wrong could not be related to
education in the way it was then believed to be. …
51. A. which B. what C. it D. that
(1998) They learned to 51 their farming habits to the climate and soil.
52 they selected the fourth Thursday of November for their
Thanksgiving 53 , they invited their neighbors, …
52. A. While B. When C. So D. If
(1993) In the United States a commentator remarked that 45 Japan
apparently still used some “primitive tools”, 46 a Japanese
commentator expressed astonishment that the American pens wrote so poorly
they could safely be used only once and then discarded.
46. A. though B. when C. while D. and that
omitting the subject
Rather formal use
让步状语从句以 although, though, while, or whilst 开头时通常与主句共享主语
, 从句谓语用分词形式。
Whilst he liked cats, he never let them come into his house.
Whilst liking cats, he never let them come into his house.
Both the journalists, though greeted as heroes on their return from
prison, not long afterwards quietly disappeared from their newspapers. 这
四个词还可用在名词、形容词或副词词组前，如： It was an unequal marriage,
although a stable and long-lasting one.
Though not very attractive physically, she possessed a sense of humour.
WHILE
1. He stayed with me while Dad talked with Dr. Smith.
2. I often knit while watching TV.
3. While I have some sympathy for these fellows, I think they went
too far.
AND
1. often used to link clauses
I came here in 1922 and I have live here ever since.
2. When you are giving advice or a warning, you can use “and” to say
what will happen if something is done.
Go by train and you’ll get there quicker.
Do as you’re told and you’ll be all right.
WHERE
1. She was standing exactly where you are standing now.
2.In 1963 we moved to Boston, where my grandparents lived.
3.The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he
can walk correctly and safely.
4.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I
disagree.
5.Now, where were we? Oh yes, we were talking about John.
6.Where others might have been satisfied, Dawson had higher ambitions.
(difference)
WHICH
(本身无意义，必须接在名词或代词后面)
1.定语从句引导词 Did you see the letter which came today?
Now they were driving by the houses which Andy had described.
2.分割句子，补充说明 The house, which was completed in 1856, was famous
for its huge marble staircase.
He was educated at the local grammar school, after which he went on to
Cambridge.
She may have missed the train, in which case she won’t arrive for another
hour.
THAT 多用于同位语从句和-thing的定语从句中。