1.You can already buy small video telephones，with builtin-screen and cameras，that transmit still images over regular telephone lines to anyone else with avideo telephone.
现在已能买到小型的电视电话机，机上装有屏幕和摄像机，可以通过平常的电话线把静止的图像传送给任何一个有电视电话的人。(with...canleras用作独立定语，修饰telephones。).
2.The scientific worker attempts to formulate these problems in accurate terms and to solve them in the light of all the relevant facts that can be collected by observation and experiment.
科学工作者力图精确地描述这些问题，然后根据通过观察和实验收集到的有关事实来解决这些问题。(介词短语in accurate terms作方式方法状语，说明to formulate。in the light...experiment作方式方法状语，说明tosolve。).
3.The atom is analogous to a miniature solar system，with a nucleus as the“sun''’and electrons as the“planets''’revolving in orbits around the nucleus.
原子类似于一个小型太阳系，原子核可看作“太阳”，电子可看作是沿轨道绕着核旋转的‘行星”。 (analogous to， “与……相似”。with a nucleus as..，and(with) electrons as...是 with引出的复合结构，用来对solar system作补充说明。).
4.The unit of heat on the c.g.s.system is the calorie，which is established as the amount of heat required to raise one gramme of water by one degree centigrade.
热的厘米·克·秒制单位是卡，将1克水升高摄氏1度所需的热量定为1卡。(c.g.s.system=centimeter-gramsecond system，“厘米·克·秒制”。介词短语on...system作定语，修饰unit。
by所引导的介词短语是raise要求的，这里by表示数量增减的绝对值。例如：increase by 10%，“增加10%”;decrease by two orders of magnitude，“减小两个数量级”。).
5.Sometimes the individual crystals，with plane faces and sharp edges and corners，are visible to the naked eye,and sometimes they can be seen only under a microscope.
单晶有时用肉眼就能看得到，有时只有在显微镜下才能看得见，这种单晶有着平的晶面和锐利的棱角。(with plane faces...corners是介词短语用作独立定语，修饰crystals。).
6.Modern Japan and other Oriental countries are emerging with the irresistible urge for better standards of living and anovel， powerful role in the world’s economy.
在不可阻挡地迫切要求提高生活水平和在世界经济中发挥新的、强有力的作用的驱使下，现代的日本和其他东方国家正在崛起。(with...economy有条件状语的意味，用来修饰emerging。).
7.Liquids，however，are highly incompressible;that is，very large pressures，of the order of thousands of tons per square inch，are required to diminish their volumes appreciably.
但是，液体是非常不易压缩的;要明显地压缩液体的体积，就需要巨大的压力，其数量级达每平方英寸几千吨。(介词短语of the order...inch是独立定语，修饰pressures。).
8.One suggestion has been the use of mixtures of two different types of insecticide，with the idea that one of them should eliminate the individuals resistant to the other.
有一种设想是使用两种不同类型的混合杀虫剂，其想法是如果害虫对其中之一有抗药性，那么另一种就能杀死它。(介词短语with the idea一.the other作two types of insecticide的定语，对它作补充说明。that引导的从句作idea的同位语。resistand to the other是形容词短语作individuals定语。) .
9.The side of Mercury which is turned away from the sun remains in eternal darkness，with a temperature only a few degrees above absolute zero.
水星背向太阳的那一面，却永远处于黑暗之中，那里的温度仅比绝对零度高几度。(with a temperature above对the side of Mercury补充说明。).
10.No distinction can be drawn between pure and applied science in terms of differences in the training or competence of workers， or in organization， or in method，or even in the immediate outcome of the work.
不能根据工作人员的训练程度和资格、组织机构、研究方法甚至研究工作的直接成果等方面的差别来划分理论科学与应用科学的界线。(between.一science作定语，修饰distinction。in terms of...作状语，说明can be drawn。).